Breast cancer

Over 80% of breast cancers are diagnosed after the age of 50. This is why routine screening has generally been directed at people 50 and over. However, some individuals under 50 can be at higher risk and testing may be recommended at a younger age.

Who has a higher risk?

The risk of breast cancer can be higher for people with the following:

• Confirmed genetic mutations, such as BRCA 1 and 2 

• A previous diagnosis of breast cancer 

• Previous cancer treatment involving radiation therapy in the chest as a child or young adult (under 30 years old)

• A family history of breast or ovarian cancer, which is highest with immediate first-degree relatives (sibling, child or parent), but could also be a risk with other close family members (grand parent, aunt, niece, etc.)

Talk to your family doctor about your risks and whether screening is recommended for you. 

What should I do if I’m at increased risk?

If you think you might be at increased risk, you should talk to your doctor. Based on your individual risk, your doctor may recommend testing earlier than age 50. 

What about people in their 40s?

For those in their 40s at average risk, without additional risk factors, routine mammograms are not currently recommended. These guidelines are currently under review by the Canadian Task Force for Preventive Health Care, and doctors in Manitoba are watching these developments closely. If you are in your 40s and concerned about your risk for breast cancer, or believe you should have a mammogram, talk to your doctor who can help you understand the benefits and risks of screening for you. 

Don’t ignore symptoms – get tested!

It’s important to know what looks and feels normal for your breasts. Talk to your doctor if you notice any of these signs or symptoms:

• A new lump

• Puckering of the breast tissue

• A change in the nipple

• New or bloody discharge

• Change in the size, shape or colour of the breast tissue

• Thickened hard skin that feels different than the rest of your breast tissue, or

How can I lower my risk?

You can lower your risk of cancer by as much as 40% by:

• Quitting smoking. Do not start smoking, and avoid second-hand smoke.

• Avoiding alcohol. The less you drink, the more you reduce your risk.

• Maintaining a healthy weight.

• Moving more.

• Eat healthy.

There is also evidence that breastfeeding after giving birth can help reduce your risks, as well as avoiding taking some forms of hormone replacement therapy, if possible.

Learn More

• Breast health and potential concerns, from Breast Health Centre
  
• Risks for breast cancer, from the Canadian Cancer Society
• Breast Cancer and Screening, from CancerCare Manitoba