Breast cancer screening

There are over 7,000 people diagnosed with cancer in Manitoba every year, and over 3,000 deaths. Breast cancer is one the most cancers among women – one in 8 will develop breast cancer during their lifetime – and it’s the second leading cause of cancer death. Thankfully, the survival rate for breast cancer has improved to over 85% due in large part to screening that catches cancer earlier.

Routine screening is the best way to catch breast cancer early, often before it can be felt by you or your doctor. When breast cancer is caught early, there are more treatment options and there is a better chance of a cure.

Who should get screened?
Routine mammograms are recommended for women between the ages of 50 and 74. Trans, non-binary and gender diverse people who have or had breast tissue may also need regular screening.

For most people at average risk, screening is recommended every two years. For some at increased risk, a different screening plan may be recommended.

For individuals at increased risk and under the age of 50, your doctor may recommend testing.

For those in their 40s without additional risk factors, routine mammograms are not currently recommended. These guidelines are currently under review by the Canadian Task Force for Preventive Health Care, and doctors in Manitoba are watching these developments closely. If you are under 50 and concerned about your risk for breast cancer, you can learn more here, or talk to your doctor.

If you are 75 or older, routine screening is not generally recommended, but you may continue to get regular mammograms.

How often should I get screened?
Generally, a screening mammogram is recommended every two years.

What does screening involve?
Getting screened means being tested before you have any symptoms.

A mammogram is a test that uses a low level of x‑rays to produce a picture of the breast. A technologist will place your breast on a platform and compress it to get a clear picture. This can be a little uncomfortable, but it usually only lasts 20 to 30 seconds. It takes about 20 minutes total to get your mammogram.

🡪 Learn more about mammograms in this video from from CancerCare Manitoba.

A few days after your mammogram, a radiologist will use their medical expertise as they review the images. Within about two weeks, you and your family doctor will receive the results.

A normal result means no follow-up is needed as there are no concerns. An abnormal test result does not necessarily mean you have cancer. It means the radiologist detected something that requires further testing. You will be contacted to arrange a follow up test at a diagnostic centre. Most people who go for further testing do not have breast cancer.

You can learn more about mammograms and follow up testing from CancerCare’s BreastCheck program.

How can I lower my risk?
You can lower your risk of cancer by as much as 40% by:
• Quitting smoking. Do not start smoking, and avoid second-hand smoke.
• Avoiding alcohol. The less you drink, the more you reduce your risk.
• Maintaining a healthy weight.
• Moving more.
• Eat healthy.

There is also evidence that breastfeeding after giving birth can help reduce your risks, as can avoiding hormone replacement therapy, if possible.

Learn more
You can learn more about colorectal cancer and screening from the resources below:
• CancerCare BreastCheck Information
• Watch this video from CancerCare about mammograms
• Breast Health Centre in Winnipeg
• Canadian Cancer Society – Breast Cancer Information

Please note: The advice in this article draws on evidence from the research literature, as well as recommendations from CancerCare Manitoba, the Canadian Cancer Society, and the Canadian Task Force for Preventive Health Care.